Man’s semiformal court robe

This full-length robe was a required uniform worn by government officials during the Manchu-ruled Qing dynasty. Motifs that decorated such robes symbolized the cosmic order and also denoted the wearer’s rank.

Wavy stripes at the bottom represent the sea, and rocks rise from the water representing the earth and the four directions. Above these peaks, dragons and “wish-granting clouds” represent the sky. The central dragon, representing the emperor, is entwined around a flaming orb, the pearl of wisdom.

Auspicious elements surround the dragons to bring forth happiness and immortality. These include blossoms interspersed among the clouds, golden swastikas (an emblem for longevity), colorful bats representing blessings, and the Eight Buddhist Symbols (such as the white conch symbolizing the far-reaching and melodious sound of the Buddha’s teachings).