A god takes the form of a snake and giant to frighten Mahavira, a page from a manuscript of the Kalpasutra (Book of Ritual)

An essential religious text of the Jain faith, the Kalpa Sutra details many rituals and monastic rules. It also describes the life stories of the 24 tirthankaras, "ford finders" or "spiritual victors," who are considered the ideal spiritual beings and progenitors of the tradition. Perhaps best known among these is Mahavira (approx. 599–527 BCE; "Great Hero"), the founder of the faith who was born a few decades before the historical Buddha.

As was true for the Buddha, Mahavira's spiritual path involved renunciation, meditation, chastity, austerity, nonviolence, and self-control. Even as a youth, Mahavira demonstrated great knowledge, bravery, and equanimity. He was tested by the gods, including by a minor Hindu deity who transformed himself into a ferocious snake and later a fearsome giant to frighten the spiritual teacher. Mahavira did not show any fear, but rather, according to legend, took the snake compassionately into his own hands. The god was subdued, and Mahavira's renown enhanced. Here Mahavira stands calmly before the gigantic serpent, who is entwined in a tree, while divine attendants look on reverently.